Ultrasonic Flaw Detector is an advanced digital flaw detector used for non-destructive testing of materials. Ultrasonic flaw detection can be used for any standard engineering material to find hidden cracks, voids, porosity, inclusion, and similar discontinuities. Ultrasonic Testing mainly involve steel and other structural metals, it is also used for plastics, composites, fiberglass, and ceramics.

Some of the Applications are:

• Primary metals -- beams, billets, bars, ingots, forgings, tubular stock.
• In-service testing -- railroad wheels and axles, aircraft landing gears and engine mounts, crane booms, drive shafts, tanks and pressure vessels, bolt testing.
• Infrastructure -- bridge beams, bridge pins, railroad rails, metal structures.
• Weld inspection – Used for find out discontinuities in welding of material.
• Petrochemical -- pipelines, tanks, support structures.
• Manufacturing -- spot welds, braze joints, castings, bond testing.
• Composites -- aerospace parts, wind turbines, automotive composites, marine fiberglass.

Industrial Radiography is a modality of non-destructive testing that uses ionizing radiation to inspect materials and components with the objective to identify internal or hidden defects that would lead to the failure of engineering structures. It can detect porosity, inclusions, cracks, and voids in materials. It plays an important role to ensure product quality and reliability of materials, components etc.

Magnetic Particle Testing is a method of non-destructive testing (NDE) of ferromagnetic material. Magnetic Particle Testing is done on materials that can be magnetized or strongly attracted by a magnetic field. This method generally checks the surface discontinuities and can also reveal discontinuities slightly below the surface.

There are different techniques for the Magnetic Particle Testing. Presently, institute facility of following magnetic particle inspection techniques:-

• Stationary Magnetic Particle Inspection.
• Prod Magnetic Particle Inspection.
• Yoke Magnetic Particle Inspection.

Eddy current testing is one of several non-destructive testing methods that uses the electromagnetism principle for flaw detection in conductive materials. In this method the electrical conductivity variations and the magnetic permeability of the test-part, or the presence of any discontinuities, will cause a change in the eddy current and a corresponding change in phases and amplitude of the measured current. The changes are shown on a screen and are interpreted to identify defects. It can identify surface-breaking defects, linear defects (as small as 0.5mm deep and 5mm long), cracks, lack of fusion in welding.

It has following Applications:-

• It can detect surface and near-surface cracks as small as 0.5mm.
• Able to detect defects through several layers, including non-conductive surface coatings, without interference from planar defects.
• Non-contact method making it possible to inspect high-temperature surfaces and underwater surfaces.
• Effective on test objects with physically complex geometries.
• Able to the measure electrical conductivity of test objects.